- How to properly cite sources in a speech how to#
- How to properly cite sources in a speech series#
For more explanation, see Fair Paraphrase.
When you paraphrase or summarize ideas, interpretations, or conclusions that you find in a source. When you introduce facts that you have found in a source. When you quote two or more words verbatim, or even one word if it is used in a way that is unique to the source. Greave's speech (as cited in Schein, 2017) - when you do not know the date of the original source. (Greave, 2015, as cited in Schein, 2017) - where the source you have is by Schein from 2017, but you are citing an article by Greave published in 2015. Include the date of the original source (should be on the source you are using's Reference page) if the date is not listed then omit that part of the citation. If you can't get to that source use 'as cited in" to acknowledge both sources. If a source you are using refers to another source, try to obtain that other source for a citation. Porterfield, personal communication, June 10, 2019). Follow the same order for other in-text citations - immediately following the quote or paraphrase.įirst initials and last name of the communicator (personal communication, date of communication).Įxample: "The quality of work has increased year to year" (D. They are not recoverable (no one else will be able to find this information) so do not need to be listed on the Reference page but will need to be cited in your text. This can include private letters, some email, interviews you conduct, etc. If Anonymous is ever used, treat it as a real nameĮxample: Acquiring effective study habits is the most important indicator of first-year college student success ("Students," 2002, para. Titles of articles are put in "quotation marks". Mention the work's title in the text or give the first word or two of the title in the in-text citation. Example: "In Bangladesh, 5–10% of all cancer deaths in an arsenic-contaminated region were attributable to arsenic exposure" ( World Health Organization, 2016, para. Example: According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016), 5-10% of all cancer-related deaths in Bangladesh stem from arsenic poisoning that pollutes the region (para. Introduce the abbreviation by first including the whole name, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. If you want to abbreviate the name the organization. Many students still refuse to "separate the author from the citation at the end of the quoted material" (Spencer, 2006, pp. 5-6).Ī 'parenthetical' citation has all of the citation information within parentheses. Spencer (2006) notes that it is acceptable "to state the author's name at the beginning of the sentence, rather than always putting it in the parenthetical citation" (pp. 
(Whedon, 2015, 16:30) Quotations or ParaphrasesĪ 'narrative' in-text citation incorporates the citation information within the text you are writing. To cite a quote from a film or other audiovisual media, use a time stamp in place of the a page number.
How to properly cite sources in a speech series#
Immunotherapy "treatment involves a series of injections of purified allergen extracts" (Mayo Clinic, n.d., "Treatment" section, para.3). This could be a section or heading name on a website, a paragraph number (manually count the paragraphs and use the abbreviation 'para.'), a slide number on a PowerPoint, a timestamp for a video, etc. When citing a source without page numbers (such as websites), find a way for the reader to locate the information you are using.
When citing a book, journal article, or other paged source, use the page number of the borrowed material.
Citations at the end of a sentence are before the period. Paraphrases and summaries: do not include quotation marks. Quotes: use quotation marks around the quoted material. "Although not required to provide a page or paragraph number in the citation for a paraphrase, you may include one in addition to the author and year when it would help interested readers locate the relevant passage within a long or complex work" (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. Include the author's last name, year of publication, and specific part (usually page number) for a quote. How to properly cite sources in a speech how to#
Below, you will find additional information about how to cite your sources within your text. Watch the short video above to see how to create a proper in-text citation using signal phrases and parenthetical citations.
0 kommentar(er)
